Every route ends at the same summit sign, but the six days getting there can look completely different depending on which one you pick. Here's the short version.
If you want the highest summit odds
Choose a longer route — Lemosho (7-8 days) or the Northern Circuit (8-9 days). More days means more time to acclimatize, and it shows directly in the numbers: these routes consistently post higher summit success rates than the shorter options.
If this is your first big trek
Marangu is the gentlest profile and the only route with hut accommodation instead of tents — appealing if camping isn't your thing. Its trade-off is a faster ascent profile, which is part of why its summit rate trails the longer routes.
If you want fewer other climbers
Rongai approaches from the quiet northern side near the Kenyan border and sees a fraction of the traffic the southern routes do. You'll likely have camps close to yourself.
If you're an experienced, fit hiker short on time
Umbwe is the steepest and most direct line on the mountain — six days, no easing in. It has the lowest summit rate of the standard routes precisely because it moves fast, so it suits climbers who are confident about their altitude tolerance.
The one common thread
Whichever route you pick, the guide's decisions on pace and rest days matter more than the route name on a brochure. A good crew can make a shorter route feel manageable, and a bad one can make a long route miserable — that's the part worth asking about before you book.